Citation - Revision history

SysopJ: /* See also */

2012-07-12T15:55:37Z

SysopJ: /* See also */

2012-07-12T15:53:48Z

SysopJ: /* Social sciences */

2012-07-12T15:51:55Z

Social sciences

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	=== Social sciences ===		=== Social sciences ===
	*The style of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~American Psychological Association~~ American Psychological Association], or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~APA style~~ APA style], published in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association~~ Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association], is most often used in social sciences. APA style uses [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Harvard referencing~~ Harvard referencing] within the text, listing the author's name and year of publication, keyed to an alphabetical list of sources at the end of the paper on a References page.		*The style of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Psychological_Association American Psychological Association], or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_style APA style], published in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publication_Manual_of_the_American_Psychological_Association Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association], is most often used in social sciences. APA style uses [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenthetical_referencing Harvard referencing] within the text, listing the author's name and year of publication, keyed to an alphabetical list of sources at the end of the paper on a References page.
	*The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~American Political Science Association~~ American Political Science Association] publishes both a style manual and a style guide for publications in this field.<ref name=APSA>Stephen Yoder, ed. (2008). ''The APSA Guide to Writing and Publishing'' and ''Style Manual for Political Science''. Rev. ed. August 2006. [http://www.apsanet.org/content_6899.cfm?navID=248 APSAnet.org Publications]. Retrieved on 2009-02-05.</ref> The style is close to the CMOS.		*The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Political_Science_Association American Political Science Association] publishes both a style manual and a style guide for publications in this field.<ref name=APSA>Stephen Yoder, ed. (2008). ''The APSA Guide to Writing and Publishing'' and ''Style Manual for Political Science''. Rev. ed. August 2006. [http://www.apsanet.org/content_6899.cfm?navID=248 APSAnet.org Publications]. Retrieved on 2009-02-05.</ref> The style is close to the CMOS.
	*The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~American Anthropological Association~~ American Anthropological Association] utilizes a modified form of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~The Chicago Manual of Style~~ Chicago Style] laid out in their [http://www.aaanet.org/publications/guidlines.cfm Publishing Style Guide].		*The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Anthropological_Association American Anthropological Association] utilizes a modified form of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style Chicago Style] laid out in their [http://www.aaanet.org/publications/guidlines.cfm Publishing Style Guide].
	*The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~ASA style~~ ASA style] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American Sociological ~~Association American Scoioligical~~ Association] is one of the main styles used in sociological publications.		*The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASA_style ASA style] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Sociological_Association American Sociological Association] is one of the main styles used in sociological publications.

	== Citation marks ==		== Citation marks ==

SysopJ: /* Sciences, mathematics, engineering, physiology, and medicine */

2012-07-12T15:44:39Z

Sciences, mathematics, engineering, physiology, and medicine

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	=== Sciences, mathematics, engineering, physiology, and medicine ===		=== Sciences, mathematics, engineering, physiology, and medicine ===
	*The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~American Chemical Society~~ American Chemical Society] style, or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~ACS style~~ ACS style], is often used in '''chemistry''' and other physical sciences. In ACS style references are numbered in the text and in the reference list, and numbers are repeated throughout the text as needed.		*The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Chemical_Society American Chemical Society] style, or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACS_style ACS style], is often used in '''chemistry''' and other physical sciences. In ACS style references are numbered in the text and in the reference list, and numbers are repeated throughout the text as needed.
	*In the style of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~American Institute of Physics~~ American Institute of Physics] (AIP style), references are also numbered in the text and in the reference list, with numbers repeated throughout the text as needed.		*In the style of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Institute_of_Physics American Institute of Physics] (AIP style), references are also numbered in the text and in the reference list, with numbers repeated throughout the text as needed.
	*Styles developed for the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Mathematical Society~~ Mathematical Society] (AMS), or AMS styles, such as [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMS-LaTeX AMS-LaTeX], are typically implemented using the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX BibTeX] tool in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX LaTeX] typesetting environment. Brackets with author’s initials and year are inserted in the text and at the beginning of the reference. Typical citations are listed in-line with alphabetic-label format, e.g. [AB90]. This type of style is also called a "''Authorship trigraph.''"		*Styles developed for the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_Society Mathematical Society] (AMS), or AMS styles, such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMS-LaTeX AMS-LaTeX], are typically implemented using the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX BibTeX] tool in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX LaTeX] typesetting environment. Brackets with author’s initials and year are inserted in the text and at the beginning of the reference. Typical citations are listed in-line with alphabetic-label format, e.g. [AB90]. This type of style is also called a "''Authorship trigraph.''"
	*The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Vancouver system~~ Vancouver system], recommended by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Council of Science Editors~~ Council of Science Editors] (CSE), is used in medical and scientific papers and research.		*The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver_system Vancouver system], recommended by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Science_Editors Council of Science Editors] (CSE), is used in medical and scientific papers and research.
	**In one major variant, that used by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~American Society of Mechanical Engineers~~ American Society of Mechanical Engineers] (ASME), citation numbers are included in the text in square brackets rather than as superscripts. All bibliographical information is exclusively included in the list of references at the end of the document, next to the respective citation number.		**In one major variant, that used by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers American Society of Mechanical Engineers] (ASME), citation numbers are included in the text in square brackets rather than as superscripts. All bibliographical information is exclusively included in the list of references at the end of the document, next to the respective citation number.
	**The International ~~Committee~~ of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) is reportedly the original kernel of this biomedical style which evolved from the Vancouver 1978 editors' meeting.<ref>''[http://www.icmje.org Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals]''.</ref> The [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEDLINE]]/[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed PubMed] database uses this citation style and the [[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~National Library of Medicine~~ National Library of Medicine] provides ~~"ICMJE~~ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals~~ Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals] -- Sample References".<ref>International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html "ICMJE Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals -- Sample References"].</ref>		**The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Council_of_Medical_Journal_Editors International Council of Medical Journal Editors] (ICMJE) is reportedly the original kernel of this biomedical style which evolved from the Vancouver 1978 editors' meeting.<ref>''[http://www.icmje.org Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals]''.</ref> The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEDLINE MEDLINE]/[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed PubMed] database uses this citation style and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Medicine National Library of Medicine] provides [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Requirements_for_Manuscripts_Submitted_to_Biomedical_Journals Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals] "ICMJE -- Sample References".<ref>International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html "ICMJE Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals -- Sample References"].</ref>
	*The style of the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (IEEE), or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_Style IEEE style], encloses citation numbers within square brackets and numbers them consecutively, with numbers repeated throughout the text as needed.<ref>[http://www.ieee.org/documents/stylemanual.~~pdf IEEE~~ Style Manual]. Accessed 2011-08-08.</ref>		*The style of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers] (IEEE), or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_Style IEEE style], encloses citation numbers within square brackets and numbers them consecutively, with numbers repeated throughout the text as needed.<ref>[http://www.ieee.org/documents/stylemanual.pdf_IEEE Style Manual]. Accessed 2011-08-08.</ref>
	*Pechenik Citation Style is a style described in ''A Short Guide to Writing about Biology'', 6th ed. (2007), by Jan A. Pechenik.<ref>''[http://www.augustana.ca/files/group/418/pechenik_qg_november2007.pdf ~~Pechenik Citation~~ Style QuickGuide]'' ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF PDF]). University of Alberta, Augustana Campus, Canada. World Wide Web. November 2007.</ref>		*'''Pechenik Citation Style''' is a style described in ''A Short Guide to Writing about Biology'', 6th ed. (2007), by Jan A. Pechenik.<ref>''[http://www.augustana.ca/files/group/418/pechenik_qg_november2007.pdf Pechenik_Citation Style QuickGuide]'' ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF PDF]). University of Alberta, Augustana Campus, Canada. World Wide Web. November 2007.</ref>
	*In 2006, Eugene Garfield proposed a bibliographic system for scientific literature, to consolidate the integrity of ~~[[scientific publishing\|~~scientific publications]].<ref name=cisn>{{cite journal		*In 2006, Eugene Garfield proposed a bibliographic system for scientific literature, to consolidate the integrity of '''scientific publications'''.<ref name=cisn>{{cite journal
	\| last = Garfield		\| last = Garfield
	\| first = Eugene		\| first = Eugene

SysopJ: /* Law */

2012-07-12T15:35:08Z

Law

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	=== Law ===		=== Law ===
	*The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluebook Bluebook] is a citation system traditionally used in American academic legal writing, and the Bluebook (or similar systems derived from it) are used by many courts.<ref>Martin 2007.</ref> At present, academic legal articles are always footnoted, but motions submitted to courts and court opinions traditionally use [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~inline citation~~ inline citation]s which are either separate sentences or separate clauses.		*The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluebook Bluebook] is a citation system traditionally used in American academic legal writing, and the Bluebook (or similar systems derived from it) are used by many courts.<ref>Martin 2007.</ref> At present, academic legal articles are always footnoted, but motions submitted to courts and court opinions traditionally use [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/inline_citation inline citation]s which are either separate sentences or separate clauses.
	*The legal citation style used almost universally in Canada is based on the ''Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation'' (aka ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGill Guide McGill Guide]''), published by ''McGill Law Journal''.<ref>''[http://lawjournal.mcgill.ca/citeguide.php Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation (Cite Guide)]''. ''McGill Law Journal''. Updated October 2008. Retrieved on 2009-02-05.</ref>		*The legal citation style used almost universally in Canada is based on the ''Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation'' (aka ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGill Guide McGill Guide]''), published by ''McGill Law Journal''.<ref>''[http://lawjournal.mcgill.ca/citeguide.php Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation (Cite Guide)]''. ''McGill Law Journal''. Updated October 2008. Retrieved on 2009-02-05.</ref>
	*British legal citation almost universally follows the ''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities'' (OSCOLA)		*British legal citation almost universally follows the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Standard_for_Citation_of_Legal_Authorities Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities] (OSCOLA)

	=== Sciences, mathematics, engineering, physiology, and medicine ===		=== Sciences, mathematics, engineering, physiology, and medicine ===

SysopJ: /* Humanities */

2012-07-12T15:32:58Z

Humanities

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	=== Humanities ===		=== Humanities ===
	*The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The Chicago Manual of Style Chicago Style] (CMOS) was developed and its guide is ''The Chicago Manual of Style''. It is most widely used in history and economics as well as some social sciences. Its derivative is the closely related [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turabian Turabian] style which is designed for student references and is distinguished from the CMOS by omission of quotation marks in reference lists and mandatory access date citation.		*The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The Chicago Manual of Style Chicago Style] (CMOS) was developed and its guide is ''The Chicago Manual of Style''. It is most widely used in history and economics as well as some social sciences. Its derivative is the closely related [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turabian Turabian] style which is designed for student references and is distinguished from the CMOS by omission of quotation marks in reference lists and mandatory access date citation.
	*The Columbia Style was made by Janice R. Walker and Todd Taylor to give detailed guidelines for citing internet sources. Columbia Style offers models for both the humanities and the sciences.		*The '''Columbia Style''' was made by Janice R. Walker and Todd Taylor to give detailed guidelines for citing internet sources. Columbia Style offers models for both the humanities and the sciences.
	*''Evidence Explained: Citing History Sources from Artifacts to Cyberspace'' by Elizabeth Shown Mills covers primary sources not included in CMOS, such as censuses, court, land, government, business, and church records. Includes sources in electronic format. Used by genealogists and historians.<ref name="evidence">Mills, Elizabeth Shown. ''Evidence Explained : Citing History Sources from Artifacts to cyberspace.'' 2d ed. Baltimore:Genealogical Pub. Co., 2009. Two supplemental guides provide more-specialized coverage of online sources. (1) ''QuickSheet: Citing Online Historical Resources, Evidence! Style.'' Baltimore: GPC, 2005. (2) ''QuickSheet: Citing Ancestry.com Databases & Images, Evidence Style.'' 2d ed. Baltimore: GPC, 2009.</ref>		*'''''Evidence Explained: Citing History Sources from Artifacts to Cyberspace''''' by Elizabeth Shown Mills covers primary sources not included in CMOS, such as censuses, court, land, government, business, and church records. Includes sources in electronic format. Used by genealogists and historians.<ref name="evidence">Mills, Elizabeth Shown. ''Evidence Explained : Citing History Sources from Artifacts to cyberspace.'' 2d ed. Baltimore:Genealogical Pub. Co., 2009. Two supplemental guides provide more-specialized coverage of online sources. (1) ''QuickSheet: Citing Online Historical Resources, Evidence! Style.'' Baltimore: GPC, 2005. (2) ''QuickSheet: Citing Ancestry.com Databases & Images, Evidence Style.'' 2d ed. Baltimore: GPC, 2009.</ref>
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Harvard referencing~~ Harvard referencing] (or author-date system) is a specific kind of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~parenthetical referencing~~ parenthetical referencing]. Parenthetical referencing is recommended by both the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~BSI Group~~\|~~British Standards Institution~~ British Standards Institution] and the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern Language Association]]. Harvard referencing involves a short author-date reference, e.g., "(Smith, 2000)", being inserted after the cited text within parentheses and the full reference to the source being listed at the end of the article.		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenthetical_referencing Harvard referencing] (or author-date system) is a specific kind of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/parenthetical_referencing parenthetical referencing]. Parenthetical referencing is recommended by both the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSI_Group\|British_Standards_Institution British Standards Institution] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Language_Association Modern Language Association]. Harvard referencing involves a short author-date reference, e.g., "(Smith, 2000)", being inserted after the cited text within parentheses and the full reference to the source being listed at the end of the article.
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~The MLA Style Manual~~ MLA style] was developed by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Modern Language Association~~ Modern Language Association] and is most often used in '''the arts''' and the '''humanities''', particularly in English studies, other literary studies, including comparative literature and literary criticism in languages other than English, and some interdisciplinary studies, such as cultural studies, drama and theatre, film, and other media, including television. This style of citations and bibliographical format uses [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~parenthetical referencing~~ parenthetical referencing] with author-page (Smith 395) or author-[short] title-page (Smith, ''Contingencies'' 42) in the case of more than one work by the same author within parentheses in the text, keyed to an alphabetical list of sources on a "Works Cited" page at the end of the paper, as well as notes (footnotes or endnotes). See ''The MLA Style Manual'' and ''The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers'', particularly [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~The MLA Style Manual~~#~~Citation~~ and bibliography format~~\|Citation and bibliography format]~~].<ref>The field of Communication (or Communications) overlaps with some of the disciplines also covered by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Modern Language Association~~ MLA] and has its own disciplinary style recommendations for documentation format; the style guide recommended for use in student papers in such departments in American colleges and universities is often ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~APA style~~ The Publication Manual of the APA]'' (American Psychological Association); designated for short as '''"APA style"'''.</ref>		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_MLA_Style_Manual MLA style] was developed by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Language_Association Modern Language Association] and is most often used in '''the arts''' and the '''humanities''', particularly in English studies, other literary studies, including comparative literature and literary criticism in languages other than English, and some interdisciplinary studies, such as cultural studies, drama and theatre, film, and other media, including television. This style of citations and bibliographical format uses [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/parenthetical_referencing parenthetical referencing] with author-page (Smith 395) or author-[short] title-page (Smith, ''Contingencies'' 42) in the case of more than one work by the same author within parentheses in the text, keyed to an alphabetical list of sources on a "Works Cited" page at the end of the paper, as well as notes (footnotes or endnotes). See ''The MLA Style Manual'' and ''The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers'', particularly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_MLA_Style_Manual#Citation_and_bibliography_format citation and bibliography format].<ref>The field of Communication (or Communications) overlaps with some of the disciplines also covered by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Language_Association MLA] and has its own disciplinary style recommendations for documentation format; the style guide recommended for use in student papers in such departments in American colleges and universities is often ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_style The Publication Manual of the APA]'' (American Psychological Association); designated for short as '''"APA style"'''.</ref>
	*The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHRA Style Guide ~~MHRA Style Guide]~~] is published by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Modern Humanities Research Association~~ Modern Humanities Research Association] (MHRA) and most widely used in the arts and humanities in the United Kingdom, where the MHRA is based. It is available for sale both in the UK and in the United States. It is similar MLA style, but has some differences. For example, MHRA style uses footnotes that reference a citation fully while also providing a bibliography. Some readers find it advantageous that the footnotes provide full citations, instead of shortened references, so that they do not need to consult the bibliography while reading for the rest of the publication details.<ref>The 2nd edition (updated April 2008) of the ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~MHRA Style Guide~~ MHRA Style Guide]'' is downloadable for free from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern ~~Humanities Research Association~~ Modern Humanities Research Association] official Website.		*The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHRA_Style_Guide MHRA Style Guide] is published by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Humanities_Research_Association Modern Humanities Research Association] (MHRA) and most widely used in the arts and humanities in the United Kingdom, where the MHRA is based. It is available for sale both in the UK and in the United States. It is similar MLA style, but has some differences. For example, MHRA style uses footnotes that reference a citation fully while also providing a bibliography. Some readers find it advantageous that the footnotes provide full citations, instead of shortened references, so that they do not need to consult the bibliography while reading for the rest of the publication details.<ref>The 2nd edition (updated April 2008) of the ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHRA_Guide MHRA Style Guide]'' is downloadable for free from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern Humanities_Research_Association Modern Humanities Research Association] official Website.
	</ref>		</ref>

SysopJ: /* Citation styles */

2012-07-12T15:19:58Z

Citation styles

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	== Citation styles ==		== Citation styles ==
	Citation styles can be broadly divided into styles common to the Humanities and the Sciences, though there is considerable overlap. Some style guides, such as [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The Chicago Manual of Style]], are quite flexible and cover both parenthetical and note citation systems.<ref name=ColoradoStateUni/> Others, such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLA style manual MLA] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA style APA] styles, specify formats within the context of a single citation system.<ref name=YaleUni/> These may be referred to as citation formats as well as citation styles.<ref>California State University 2007.</ref><ref>Lesley University 2007.</ref><ref>Rochester Institute of Technology 2003.</ref> The various guides thus specify order of appearance, for example, of publication date, title, and page numbers following the author name, in addition to conventions of punctuation, use of italics, emphasis, parenthesis, quotation marks, etc., particular to their style.		Citation styles can be broadly divided into styles common to the Humanities and the Sciences, though there is considerable overlap. Some style guides, such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The Chicago Manual of Style The Chicago Manual of Style], are quite flexible and cover both parenthetical and note citation systems.<ref name=ColoradoStateUni/> Others, such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLA style manual MLA] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA style APA] styles, specify formats within the context of a single citation system.<ref name=YaleUni/> These may be referred to as citation formats as well as citation styles.<ref>California State University 2007.</ref><ref>Lesley University 2007.</ref><ref>Rochester Institute of Technology 2003.</ref> The various guides thus specify order of appearance, for example, of publication date, title, and page numbers following the author name, in addition to conventions of punctuation, use of italics, emphasis, parenthesis, quotation marks, etc., particular to their style.

	A number of organizations have created styles to fit their needs; consequently, a number of different guides exist. Individual publishers often have their own in-house variations as well, and some works are so long-established as to have their own citation methods too: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanus pagination Stephanus pagination] for [[Plato]]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekker numbers Bekker numbers] for [[Aristotle]]; citing the Bible by book, chapter and verse; or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakespeare Shakespeare] notation by play, act and scene.		A number of organizations have created styles to fit their needs; consequently, a number of different guides exist. Individual publishers often have their own in-house variations as well, and some works are so long-established as to have their own citation methods too: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanus pagination Stephanus pagination] for [[Plato]]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekker numbers Bekker numbers] for [[Aristotle]]; citing the Bible by book, chapter and verse; or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakespeare Shakespeare] notation by play, act and scene.

SysopJ: /* Unique identifiers */

2012-07-12T15:18:17Z

Unique identifiers

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	* Specific volumes, articles or other identifiable parts of a periodical, may have an associated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial Item and Contribution Identifier] (SICI).		* Specific volumes, articles or other identifiable parts of a periodical, may have an associated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial Item and Contribution Identifier] (SICI).
	* Electronic documents may have a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital object identifier digital object identifier] (DOI).		* Electronic documents may have a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital object identifier digital object identifier] (DOI).
	* Biomedical research articles may have a ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID PubMed Identifier ]) (PMID).		* Biomedical research articles may have a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID PubMed Identifier ] (PMID).
	*A '''citation number''', used in some citation systems, is a number or symbol added '''inline''' and usually in superscript, to refer readers to a footnote or endnote that cites the source. In other citation systems, an inline parenthetical reference is used rather than a citation number, with limited information such as the author's last name, year of publication, and page number referenced; a full identification of the source will then appear in an appended [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography bibliography].		*A '''citation number''', used in some citation systems, is a number or symbol added '''inline''' and usually in superscript, to refer readers to a footnote or endnote that cites the source. In other citation systems, an inline parenthetical reference is used rather than a citation number, with limited information such as the author's last name, year of publication, and page number referenced; a full identification of the source will then appear in an appended [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography bibliography].

SysopJ at 15:17, 12 July 2012

2012-07-12T15:17:36Z

Show changes

SysopJ: /* Unique identifiers */

2012-07-12T14:47:40Z

Unique identifiers

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	=== Unique identifiers ===		=== Unique identifiers ===
	Along with information such as author(s), date of publication, title and page numbers, citations may also include unique identifiers depending on the type of work being referred to.		Along with information such as author(s), date of publication, title and page numbers, citations may also include unique identifiers depending on the type of work being referred to.
	* Citations of books may include an [[International Standard Book Number]] (ISBN).		* Citations of books may include an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International Standard Book Number] (ISBN).
	* Specific volumes, articles or other identifiable parts of a periodical, may have an associated [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial Item and Contribution Identifier]] (SICI).		* Specific volumes, articles or other identifiable parts of a periodical, may have an associated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial Item and Contribution Identifier] (SICI).
	* Electronic documents may have a [[digital object identifier]] (DOI).		* Electronic documents may have a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital object identifier digital object identifier] (DOI).
	* Biomedical research articles may have a ~~PubMed Identifier~~ ([[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID]]).		* Biomedical research articles may have a ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID PubMed Identifier ]) (PMID).
	*A '''citation number''', used in some citation systems, is a number or symbol added '''inline''' and usually in superscript, to refer readers to a footnote or endnote that cites the source. In other citation systems, an inline parenthetical reference is used rather than a citation number, with limited information such as the author's last name, year of publication, and page number referenced; a full identification of the source will then appear in an appended [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography]].		*A '''citation number''', used in some citation systems, is a number or symbol added '''inline''' and usually in superscript, to refer readers to a footnote or endnote that cites the source. In other citation systems, an inline parenthetical reference is used rather than a citation number, with limited information such as the author's last name, year of publication, and page number referenced; a full identification of the source will then appear in an appended [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography bibliography].

	== Citation systems ==		== Citation systems ==

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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acknowledgment_(~~creative arts~~)Acknowledgment (creative arts)]		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acknowledgment_(creative_arts) Acknowledgment (creative arts)]
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible_citation Bible citation]		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible_citation Bible citation]
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_citation Case citation]		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_citation Case citation]

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:53, 12 July 2012
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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Acknowledgment~~ (creative arts)Acknowledgment (creative arts)]		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acknowledgment_(creative arts)Acknowledgment (creative arts)]
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Bible citation~~ Bible citation]		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible_citation Bible citation]
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Case citation~~ Case citation]		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_citation Case citation]
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Citation creator~~ Citation creator]		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation_creator Citation creator]
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~[Citation signal~~ Citation signal]		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation_signal Citation signal]
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citationality Citationality]		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citationality Citationality]
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Credit~~ (~~creative arts~~)Credit (creative arts)]		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_(creative_arts) Credit (creative arts)]
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-reference Cross-reference]		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-reference Cross-reference]
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Scholarly method~~ Scholarly method]		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholarly_method Scholarly method]
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Source evaluation~~ Source evaluation]		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_evaluation Source evaluation]
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Style guide~~ Style guide]		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_guide Style guide]

	== Footnotes ==		== Footnotes ==