https://theosophy.wiki/w-en/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Giordano_BrunoGiordano Bruno - Revision history2026-07-22T16:21:19ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.8https://theosophy.wiki/w-en/index.php?title=Giordano_Bruno&diff=52448&oldid=prevSysopJ at 03:46, 26 November 20232023-11-26T03:46:19Z<p></p>
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</table>SysopJhttps://theosophy.wiki/w-en/index.php?title=Giordano_Bruno&diff=52447&oldid=prevSysopJ: /* Online resources */2023-11-26T03:45:55Z<p><span class="autocomment">Online resources</span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Theosophical Society in Australia operated for a while a commercial broadcasting station beginning in 1926 and named it [[2GB]]. According to the Theosophist [[Clara Codd]], these letters stood for Giordano Bruno, a past incarnation of [[Annie Besant|Dr. Besant]]. Annie Besant gave on June 15, 1911 a lecture about Giordano Bruno, calling him “Theosophy’s Apostle in the sixteenth century” explaining among many other things that science meant for Giordano Bruno “Occultism, the study of the Divine Mind in Nature, the study of divine Ideas embodied in material objects.” She stated further that “by studying objects, then, it was possible to read the language of Nature, and to learn therein the thoughts of God.” <ref>Besant, Annie. <i>Giordano Bruno, Theosophy’s Apostle in the Sixteenth Century and the Story of Giordano Bruno.</i> A lecture delivered in the Sorbonne at Paris, on June 15, 1911. The Theosophist Office, Adyar, 1913, page 10</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Theosophical Society in Australia operated for a while a commercial broadcasting station beginning in 1926 and named it [[2GB]]. According to the Theosophist [[Clara Codd]], these letters stood for Giordano Bruno, a past incarnation of [[Annie Besant|Dr. Besant]]. Annie Besant gave on June 15, 1911 a lecture about Giordano Bruno, calling him “Theosophy’s Apostle in the sixteenth century” explaining among many other things that science meant for Giordano Bruno “Occultism, the study of the Divine Mind in Nature, the study of divine Ideas embodied in material objects.” She stated further that “by studying objects, then, it was possible to read the language of Nature, and to learn therein the thoughts of God.” <ref>Besant, Annie. <i>Giordano Bruno, Theosophy’s Apostle in the Sixteenth Century and the Story of Giordano Bruno.</i> A lecture delivered in the Sorbonne at Paris, on June 15, 1911. The Theosophist Office, Adyar, 1913, page 10</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Online </del>resources==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Additional </ins>resources ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Articles===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Articles===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.theosophy-nw.org/theosnw/world/modeur/ph-holli.htm# Giordano Bruno and the Infinite Universe] by <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Warrn </del>Hollister</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.theosophy-nw.org/theosnw/world/modeur/ph-holli.htm# Giordano Bruno and the Infinite Universe] by <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Warren </ins>Hollister</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.universaltheosophy.com/articles/johnston/giordano-bruno-martyr-theosophist/# Giordano Bruno - A Martyr Theosophist] by Charles Johnston</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.universaltheosophy.com/articles/johnston/giordano-bruno-martyr-theosophist/# Giordano Bruno - A Martyr Theosophist] by Charles Johnston</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/sunrise/02-52-3/s02n04p122_giordano-bruno.htm# Giordano Bruno (1548-1600)] by Allan J. Stover</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/sunrise/02-52-3/s02n04p122_giordano-bruno.htm# Giordano Bruno (1548-1600)] by Allan J. Stover</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.wisdomworld.org/setting/bruno.html# Great Theosophists - Giordano Bruno] at WisdomWorld.org</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.wisdomworld.org/setting/bruno.html# Great Theosophists - Giordano Bruno] at WisdomWorld.org</div></td></tr>
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</table>SysopJhttps://theosophy.wiki/w-en/index.php?title=Giordano_Bruno&diff=47742&oldid=prevSysopJ: /* Trial for Heresy */2022-09-20T20:18:47Z<p><span class="autocomment">Trial for Heresy</span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Rome_statue_Giordano_Bruno_Campo_dei_Fiori.jpeg|right|260px|thumb|Rome statue of Giordano Bruno]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Rome_statue_Giordano_Bruno_Campo_dei_Fiori.jpeg|right|260px|thumb|Rome statue of Giordano Bruno]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bruno’s wanderings ended abruptly shortly after he returned to Italy in late August 1591. After a brief stay in Venice, he moved to Padua for about three months and then returned to Venice to take up lodgings with the Venetian patrician Giovanni Mocenigo, to whom he divulged the “secrets” of his mnemotechnics and philosophy. There are different opinions about why Mocenigo betrayed him. One source claims he was alarmed at some of Bruno’s views and denounced him to the Venetian Inquisition on [[May 22]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </ins>1592.<ref>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <i>Giordano Bruno</i> May 2019. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bruno/ Accessed on 2/3/22</ref>Others believe that Mocenigo was the infamous tool of the Inquisition and planned the betrayal, <ref>Johnston, Charles. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"</ins>Giordano Bruno: A Martyr Theosophist<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">" ''</ins>Lucifer<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </ins>October 1888. https://universaltheosophy.com/cj/giordano-bruno-martyr-theosophist/ Accessed on 1/13/22</ref> <ref>McIntyre, J. Lewis. <i>Giordano Bruno.</i> London: McMillan and Co, Ltd. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(</ins>New York: The MacMillan Company<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </ins>1903<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">)</ins>, 67-68<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</ins></ref> while others believe that Mocenigo became increasingly dissatisfied with his teacher, perhaps because he expected Bruno to provide him a magical way to improve and maintain the memory rather than a scholastic way and thus denounced Bruno. <ref>Aliprandini, Michael. <i> Giordano Bruno</i> Great Neck Publishing. 8/1/2017. Database: MAS Ultra - School Edition<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</ins></ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bruno’s wanderings ended abruptly shortly after he returned to Italy in late August 1591. After a brief stay in Venice, he moved to Padua for about three months and then returned to Venice to take up lodgings with the Venetian patrician Giovanni Mocenigo, to whom he divulged the “secrets” of his mnemotechnics and philosophy. There are different opinions about why Mocenigo betrayed him. One source claims he was alarmed at some of Bruno’s views and denounced him to the Venetian Inquisition on [[May 22]]1592. <ref>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <i>Giordano Bruno</i> May 2019. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bruno/ Accessed on 2/3/22</ref>Others believe that Mocenigo was the infamous tool of the Inquisition and planned the betrayal, <ref>Johnston, Charles. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><i> </del>Giordano Bruno: A Martyr Theosophist<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></i> </del>Lucifer <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Magazine, </del>October 1888. https://universaltheosophy.com/cj/giordano-bruno-martyr-theosophist/ Accessed on 1/13/22</ref> <ref>McIntyre, J. Lewis. <i>Giordano Bruno.</i> London: McMillan and Co, Ltd.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </del>New York: The MacMillan Company<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. </del>1903, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pp. </del>67-68</ref> while others believe that Mocenigo became increasingly dissatisfied with his teacher, perhaps because he expected Bruno to provide him a magical way to improve and maintain the memory rather than a scholastic way and thus denounced Bruno. <ref>Aliprandini, Michael. <i> Giordano Bruno</i> Great Neck Publishing. 8/1/2017. Database: MAS Ultra - School Edition</ref></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Seven days after Mocenigo’s denunciation the trial began. Mocenigo accused him, “by constraint of his conscience, and by order of his confessor,” of teaching the existence of a boundless universe filled with a countless number of solar systems, that Bruno claimed that the earth was not the center of the universe but a mere planet revolving around the Sun, that he taught the doctrine of reincarnation, that he denied the actual transubstantiation of bread into the flesh of Christ and the he refused to accept the three persons of the Trinity as well as the virgin birth of Christ. <ref>Great Theosophists. <i>Giordano Bruno</i> In: THEOSOPHY, Vol. 26, No. 8, June, 1938. Pages 338-344; Number 23 of a 29-part series. https://blavatsky.net/Wisdomworld/setting/bruno.html. Accessed on 2/2/22</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Seven days after Mocenigo’s denunciation the trial began. Mocenigo accused him, “by constraint of his conscience, and by order of his confessor,” of teaching the existence of a boundless universe filled with a countless number of solar systems, that Bruno claimed that the earth was not the center of the universe but a mere planet revolving around the Sun, that he taught the doctrine of reincarnation, that he denied the actual transubstantiation of bread into the flesh of Christ and the he refused to accept the three persons of the Trinity as well as the virgin birth of Christ. <ref>Great Theosophists. <i>Giordano Bruno</i> In: THEOSOPHY, Vol. 26, No. 8, June, 1938. Pages 338-344; Number 23 of a 29-part series. https://blavatsky.net/Wisdomworld/setting/bruno.html. Accessed on 2/2/22</ref></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On [[January 20]], 1600 he was sentenced to be executed without the shedding of blood and said unmoved: <blockquote>"It is with far greater fear that you pronounce, than I receive, this sentence."</blockquote> He was burned at the stake on Friday, February 17, 1600. <ref>Great Theosophists. <i>Giordano Bruno</i> In: THEOSOPHY, Vol. 26, No. 8, June, 1938. Pages 338-344; Number 23 of a 29-part series. https://blavatsky.net/Wisdomworld/setting/bruno.html. Accessed on 2/2/22</ref><ref>Rowland, Ingrid D. <i>What Giordano Bruno Left Behind: Rome, 1600</i> Common Knowledge, Volume 14, Issue 3, Fall 2008, pp. 424-433 (Article) </ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On [[January 20]], 1600 he was sentenced to be executed without the shedding of blood and said unmoved: <blockquote>"It is with far greater fear that you pronounce, than I receive, this sentence."</blockquote> He was burned at the stake on Friday, February 17, 1600. <ref>Great Theosophists. <i>Giordano Bruno</i> In: THEOSOPHY, Vol. 26, No. 8, June, 1938. Pages 338-344; Number 23 of a 29-part series. https://blavatsky.net/Wisdomworld/setting/bruno.html. Accessed on 2/2/22</ref><ref>Rowland, Ingrid D. <i>What Giordano Bruno Left Behind: Rome, 1600</i> Common Knowledge, Volume 14, Issue 3, Fall 2008, pp. 424-433 (Article) </ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Even though the Catholic Encyclopedia still claims that Bruno was not condemned for his defense of the Copernican system of astronomy, nor for his doctrine of the plurality of inhabited worlds, but for his theological errors <ref>The Catholic Encyclopedia. <i>Giordano Bruno. </i> https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03016a.htm Accessed on 2/20/22</ref><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </del>there is evidence based on newly discovered primary sources including treatises on theology, heresies, and Catholic canon law which have only been examined lately, that the belief in many worlds was formally heretical. Thus, Bruno’s belief in many worlds was of primary importance in his trial and execution. <ref>Martinez, Alberto. A. <i>Giordano Bruno and the Heresy of Many Worlds</i> In: Annals of Science, 2016. Vol. 73, No. 4, 345 – 375. Taylor and Francis Group</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Even though the Catholic Encyclopedia still claims that Bruno was not condemned for his defense of the Copernican system of astronomy, nor for his doctrine of the plurality of inhabited worlds, but for his theological errors<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">,</ins><ref>The Catholic Encyclopedia. <i>Giordano Bruno. </i> https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03016a.htm Accessed on 2/20/22</ref> there is evidence based on newly discovered primary sources including treatises on theology, heresies, and Catholic canon law which have only been examined lately, that the belief in many worlds was formally heretical. Thus, Bruno’s belief in many worlds was of primary importance in his trial and execution. <ref>Martinez, Alberto. A. <i>Giordano Bruno and the Heresy of Many Worlds</i> In: Annals of Science, 2016. Vol. 73, No. 4, 345 – 375. Taylor and Francis Group</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the Campo di Fiora, on the spot where Giordano Bruno met his fate stands a monument to his memory. <ref>Johnston, Charles. <i> Giordano Bruno: A Martyr Theosophist</i> Lucifer Magazine, October 1888. https://universaltheosophy.com/cj/giordano-bruno-martyr-theosophist/ Accessed on 1/13/22</ref> It was erected in 1889 with the robed figure of Bruno facing the Vatican. Church officials rankled at the clear offense but could not get the statue removed.<ref>Campo di Fiori. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/campo-de-fiori Accessed on 2/20/22</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the Campo di Fiora, on the spot where Giordano Bruno met his fate stands a monument to his memory. <ref>Johnston, Charles. <i> Giordano Bruno: A Martyr Theosophist</i> Lucifer Magazine, October 1888. https://universaltheosophy.com/cj/giordano-bruno-martyr-theosophist/ Accessed on 1/13/22</ref> It was erected in 1889 with the robed figure of Bruno facing the Vatican. Church officials rankled at the clear offense but could not get the statue removed.<ref>Campo di Fiori. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/campo-de-fiori Accessed on 2/20/22</ref></div></td></tr>
</table>SysopJhttps://theosophy.wiki/w-en/index.php?title=Giordano_Bruno&diff=47741&oldid=prevSysopJ at 20:08, 20 September 20222022-09-20T20:08:26Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Giordano_Bruno.jpg|right|260px|thumb|Giordano Bruno]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Giordano_Bruno.jpg|right|260px|thumb|Giordano Bruno]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Giordano Bruno''' (Latin: Iordanus Brunus Nolanus) (1548 – [[February 17]], 1600), born Filippo Bruno, was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, mathematician, poet, and astrologer. He is celebrated for his cosmological theories, which went even further than the then-novel Copernican model: while supporting heliocentrism, Bruno also correctly proposed that the Sun was just another star moving in space and claimed as well that the universe contained an infinite number of inhabited worlds, identified as planets orbiting other stars. With this Bruno disproved Aristotle’s principal argument for supposing that the universe was finite. It was infinite and eternal. As such, it exhibited all possibilities at any given moment, and all parts of it assumed all possibilities over time, thereby constituting a cognizable manifestation of a timeless and absolute principle, God, conceived as the sole being who truly existed. In keeping with these ideas, Bruno proposed versions of metempsychosis, polygenism, panpsychism and, renouncing Christian emphasis on human imperfection. <ref>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <i>Giordano Bruno</i> May 2019. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bruno/ </del>Accessed on 1/17/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">22</del></ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Giordano Bruno''' (Latin: Iordanus Brunus Nolanus) (1548 – [[February 17]], 1600), born Filippo Bruno, was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, mathematician, poet, and astrologer. He is celebrated for his cosmological theories, which went even further than the then-novel Copernican model: while supporting heliocentrism, Bruno also correctly proposed that the Sun was just another star moving in space and claimed as well that the universe contained an infinite number of inhabited worlds, identified as planets orbiting other stars. With this Bruno disproved Aristotle’s principal argument for supposing that the universe was finite. It was infinite and eternal. As such, it exhibited all possibilities at any given moment, and all parts of it assumed all possibilities over time, thereby constituting a cognizable manifestation of a timeless and absolute principle, God, conceived as the sole being who truly existed. In keeping with these ideas, Bruno proposed versions of metempsychosis, polygenism, panpsychism and, renouncing Christian emphasis on human imperfection.<ref><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bruno/ </ins>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]</ins>. <i>Giordano Bruno</i> May 2019. Accessed on 1/17/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2022.</ins></ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Beginning in 1593, Bruno was tried for heresy by the Roman Inquisition and on [[February 17]], 1600 he was burned at the stake in Rome's Campo de' Fiori. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Beginning in 1593, Bruno was tried for heresy by the Roman Inquisition and on [[February 17]], 1600 he was burned at the stake in Rome's Campo de' Fiori. </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Articles===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Articles===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://www.theosophy-nw.org/theosnw/world/modeur/ph-holli.htm# Giordano Bruno and the Infinite Universe] by Warrn Hollister</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.theosophy-nw.org/theosnw/world/modeur/ph-holli.htm# Giordano Bruno and the Infinite Universe] by Warrn Hollister</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://www.universaltheosophy.com/articles/johnston/giordano-bruno-martyr-theosophist/# Giordano Bruno - A Martyr Theosophist] by Charles Johnston</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.universaltheosophy.com/articles/johnston/giordano-bruno-martyr-theosophist/# Giordano Bruno - A Martyr Theosophist] by Charles Johnston</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/sunrise/02-52-3/s02n04p122_giordano-bruno.htm# Giordano Bruno (1548-1600)] by Allan J. Stover</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/sunrise/02-52-3/s02n04p122_giordano-bruno.htm# Giordano Bruno (1548-1600)] by Allan J. Stover</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://www.wisdomworld.org/setting/bruno.html# Great Theosophists - Giordano Bruno] at WisdomWorld.org</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.wisdomworld.org/setting/bruno.html# Great Theosophists - Giordano Bruno] at WisdomWorld.org</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Scientists|Bruno, Giordano]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Scientists|Bruno, Giordano]]</div></td></tr>
</table>SysopJhttps://theosophy.wiki/w-en/index.php?title=Giordano_Bruno&diff=46810&oldid=prevSusanne Hoepfl-Wellenhofer at 13:45, 2 March 20222022-03-02T13:45:16Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On [[January 20]], 1600 he was sentenced to be executed without the shedding of blood and said unmoved: <blockquote>"It is with far greater fear that you pronounce, than I receive, this sentence."</blockquote> He was burned at the stake on Friday, February 17, 1600. <ref>Great Theosophists. <i>Giordano Bruno</i> In: THEOSOPHY, Vol. 26, No. 8, June, 1938. Pages 338-344; Number 23 of a 29-part series. https://blavatsky.net/Wisdomworld/setting/bruno.html. Accessed on 2/2/22</ref><ref>Rowland, Ingrid D. <i>What Giordano Bruno Left Behind: Rome, 1600</i> Common Knowledge, Volume 14, Issue 3, Fall 2008, pp. 424-433 (Article) </ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On [[January 20]], 1600 he was sentenced to be executed without the shedding of blood and said unmoved: <blockquote>"It is with far greater fear that you pronounce, than I receive, this sentence."</blockquote> He was burned at the stake on Friday, February 17, 1600. <ref>Great Theosophists. <i>Giordano Bruno</i> In: THEOSOPHY, Vol. 26, No. 8, June, 1938. Pages 338-344; Number 23 of a 29-part series. https://blavatsky.net/Wisdomworld/setting/bruno.html. Accessed on 2/2/22</ref><ref>Rowland, Ingrid D. <i>What Giordano Bruno Left Behind: Rome, 1600</i> Common Knowledge, Volume 14, Issue 3, Fall 2008, pp. 424-433 (Article) </ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Even though the Catholic Encyclopedia still claims that Bruno was not condemned for his defense of the Copernican system of astronomy, nor for his doctrine of the plurality of inhabited worlds, but for his theological errors <ref>The Catholic Encyclopedia. <i>Giordano Bruno. </i> https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03016a.htm Accessed on 2/20/22<ref>, there is evidence based newly discovered primary sources including treatises on theology, heresies, and Catholic canon law which have only been examined lately, that the belief in many worlds was formally heretical. Thus, Bruno’s belief in many worlds was of primary importance in his trial and execution. <ref>Martinez, Alberto. A. <i>Giordano Bruno and the Heresy of Many Worlds</i> In: Annals of Science, 2016. Vol. 73, No. 4, 345 – 375. Taylor and Francis Group</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Even though the Catholic Encyclopedia still claims that Bruno was not condemned for his defense of the Copernican system of astronomy, nor for his doctrine of the plurality of inhabited worlds, but for his theological errors <ref>The Catholic Encyclopedia. <i>Giordano Bruno. </i> https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03016a.htm Accessed on 2/20/22<<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/</ins>ref>, there is evidence based <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">on </ins>newly discovered primary sources including treatises on theology, heresies, and Catholic canon law which have only been examined lately, that the belief in many worlds was formally heretical. Thus, Bruno’s belief in many worlds was of primary importance in his trial and execution. <ref>Martinez, Alberto. A. <i>Giordano Bruno and the Heresy of Many Worlds</i> In: Annals of Science, 2016. Vol. 73, No. 4, 345 – 375. Taylor and Francis Group</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the Campo di Fiora, on the spot where Giordano Bruno met his fate stands a monument to his memory. <ref>Johnston, Charles. <i> Giordano Bruno: A Martyr Theosophist</i> Lucifer Magazine, October 1888. https://universaltheosophy.com/cj/giordano-bruno-martyr-theosophist/ Accessed on 1/13/22</ref> It was erected in 1889 with the robed figure of Bruno facing the Vatican. Church officials rankled at the clear offense but could not get the statue removed.<ref>Campo di Fiori. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/campo-de-fiori Accessed on 2/20/22</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the Campo di Fiora, on the spot where Giordano Bruno met his fate stands a monument to his memory. <ref>Johnston, Charles. <i> Giordano Bruno: A Martyr Theosophist</i> Lucifer Magazine, October 1888. https://universaltheosophy.com/cj/giordano-bruno-martyr-theosophist/ Accessed on 1/13/22</ref> It was erected in 1889 with the robed figure of Bruno facing the Vatican. Church officials rankled at the clear offense but could not get the statue removed.<ref>Campo di Fiori. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/campo-de-fiori Accessed on 2/20/22</ref></div></td></tr>
</table>Susanne Hoepfl-Wellenhoferhttps://theosophy.wiki/w-en/index.php?title=Giordano_Bruno&diff=46809&oldid=prevSusanne Hoepfl-Wellenhofer at 13:43, 2 March 20222022-03-02T13:43:55Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Giordano_Bruno.jpg|right|260px|thumb|Giordano Bruno]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Giordano_Bruno.jpg|right|260px|thumb|Giordano Bruno]]</div></td></tr>
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</table>Susanne Hoepfl-Wellenhoferhttps://theosophy.wiki/w-en/index.php?title=Giordano_Bruno&diff=46808&oldid=prevSusanne Hoepfl-Wellenhofer at 02:28, 2 March 20222022-03-02T02:28:59Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On [[January 20]], 1600 he was sentenced to be executed without the shedding of blood and said unmoved: <blockquote>"It is with far greater fear that you pronounce, than I receive, this sentence."</blockquote> He was burned at the stake on Friday, February 17, 1600. <ref>Great Theosophists. <i>Giordano Bruno</i> In: THEOSOPHY, Vol. 26, No. 8, June, 1938. Pages 338-344; Number 23 of a 29-part series. https://blavatsky.net/Wisdomworld/setting/bruno.html. Accessed on 2/2/22</ref><ref>Rowland, Ingrid D. <i>What Giordano Bruno Left Behind: Rome, 1600</i> Common Knowledge, Volume 14, Issue 3, Fall 2008, pp. 424-433 (Article) </ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On [[January 20]], 1600 he was sentenced to be executed without the shedding of blood and said unmoved: <blockquote>"It is with far greater fear that you pronounce, than I receive, this sentence."</blockquote> He was burned at the stake on Friday, February 17, 1600. <ref>Great Theosophists. <i>Giordano Bruno</i> In: THEOSOPHY, Vol. 26, No. 8, June, 1938. Pages 338-344; Number 23 of a 29-part series. https://blavatsky.net/Wisdomworld/setting/bruno.html. Accessed on 2/2/22</ref><ref>Rowland, Ingrid D. <i>What Giordano Bruno Left Behind: Rome, 1600</i> Common Knowledge, Volume 14, Issue 3, Fall 2008, pp. 424-433 (Article) </ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Even though the Catholic Encyclopedia still claims that Bruno was not condemned for his defense of the Copernican system of astronomy, nor for his doctrine of the plurality of inhabited worlds, but for his theological errors <ref>The Catholic Encyclopedia. <i>Giordano Bruno. <i> https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03016a.htm Accessed on 2/20/22<ref>, there is evidence based newly discovered primary sources including treatises on theology, heresies, and Catholic canon law which have only been examined lately, that the belief in many worlds was formally heretical. Thus, Bruno’s belief in many worlds was of primary importance in his trial and execution. <ref>Martinez, Alberto. A. <i>Giordano Bruno and the Heresy of Many Worlds</i> In: Annals of Science, 2016. Vol. 73, No. 4, 345 – 375. Taylor and Francis Group</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Even though the Catholic Encyclopedia still claims that Bruno was not condemned for his defense of the Copernican system of astronomy, nor for his doctrine of the plurality of inhabited worlds, but for his theological errors <ref>The Catholic Encyclopedia. <i>Giordano Bruno. <<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/</ins>i> https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03016a.htm Accessed on 2/20/22<ref>, there is evidence based newly discovered primary sources including treatises on theology, heresies, and Catholic canon law which have only been examined lately, that the belief in many worlds was formally heretical. Thus, Bruno’s belief in many worlds was of primary importance in his trial and execution. <ref>Martinez, Alberto. A. <i>Giordano Bruno and the Heresy of Many Worlds</i> In: Annals of Science, 2016. Vol. 73, No. 4, 345 – 375. Taylor and Francis Group</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the Campo di Fiora, on the spot where Giordano Bruno met his fate stands a monument to his memory. <ref>Johnston, Charles. <i> Giordano Bruno: A Martyr Theosophist</i> Lucifer Magazine, October 1888. https://universaltheosophy.com/cj/giordano-bruno-martyr-theosophist/ Accessed on 1/13/22</ref> It was erected in 1889 with the robed figure of Bruno facing the Vatican. Church officials rankled at the clear offense but could not get the statue removed.<ref>Campo di Fiori. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/campo-de-fiori Accessed on 2/20/22</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the Campo di Fiora, on the spot where Giordano Bruno met his fate stands a monument to his memory. <ref>Johnston, Charles. <i> Giordano Bruno: A Martyr Theosophist</i> Lucifer Magazine, October 1888. https://universaltheosophy.com/cj/giordano-bruno-martyr-theosophist/ Accessed on 1/13/22</ref> It was erected in 1889 with the robed figure of Bruno facing the Vatican. Church officials rankled at the clear offense but could not get the statue removed.<ref>Campo di Fiori. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/campo-de-fiori Accessed on 2/20/22</ref></div></td></tr>
</table>Susanne Hoepfl-Wellenhoferhttps://theosophy.wiki/w-en/index.php?title=Giordano_Bruno&diff=46807&oldid=prevSusanne Hoepfl-Wellenhofer at 02:28, 2 March 20222022-03-02T02:28:25Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 02:28, 2 March 2022</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bruno’s wanderings ended abruptly shortly after he returned to Italy in late August 1591. After a brief stay in Venice, he moved to Padua for about three months and then returned to Venice to take up lodgings with the Venetian patrician Giovanni Mocenigo, to whom he divulged the “secrets” of his mnemotechnics and philosophy. There are different opinions about why Mocenigo betrayed him. One source claims he was alarmed at some of Bruno’s views and denounced him to the Venetian Inquisition on [[May 22]]1592. <ref>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <i>Giordano Bruno</i> May 2019. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bruno/ Accessed on 2/3/22</ref>Others believe that Mocenigo was the infamous tool of the Inquisition and planned the betrayal, <ref>Johnston, Charles. <i> Giordano Bruno: A Martyr Theosophist</i> Lucifer Magazine, October 1888. https://universaltheosophy.com/cj/giordano-bruno-martyr-theosophist/ Accessed on 1/13/22</ref> <ref>McIntyre, J. Lewis. <i>Giordano Bruno.</i> London: McMillan and Co, Ltd., New York: The MacMillan Company. 1903, pp. 67-68</ref> while others believe that Mocenigo became increasingly dissatisfied with his teacher, perhaps because he expected Bruno to provide him a magical way to improve and maintain the memory rather than a scholastic way and thus denounced Bruno. <ref>Aliprandini, Michael. <i> Giordano Bruno</i> Great Neck Publishing. 8/1/2017. Database: MAS Ultra - School Edition</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bruno’s wanderings ended abruptly shortly after he returned to Italy in late August 1591. After a brief stay in Venice, he moved to Padua for about three months and then returned to Venice to take up lodgings with the Venetian patrician Giovanni Mocenigo, to whom he divulged the “secrets” of his mnemotechnics and philosophy. There are different opinions about why Mocenigo betrayed him. One source claims he was alarmed at some of Bruno’s views and denounced him to the Venetian Inquisition on [[May 22]]1592. <ref>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <i>Giordano Bruno</i> May 2019. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bruno/ Accessed on 2/3/22</ref>Others believe that Mocenigo was the infamous tool of the Inquisition and planned the betrayal, <ref>Johnston, Charles. <i> Giordano Bruno: A Martyr Theosophist</i> Lucifer Magazine, October 1888. https://universaltheosophy.com/cj/giordano-bruno-martyr-theosophist/ Accessed on 1/13/22</ref> <ref>McIntyre, J. Lewis. <i>Giordano Bruno.</i> London: McMillan and Co, Ltd., New York: The MacMillan Company. 1903, pp. 67-68</ref> while others believe that Mocenigo became increasingly dissatisfied with his teacher, perhaps because he expected Bruno to provide him a magical way to improve and maintain the memory rather than a scholastic way and thus denounced Bruno. <ref>Aliprandini, Michael. <i> Giordano Bruno</i> Great Neck Publishing. 8/1/2017. Database: MAS Ultra - School Edition</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Seven days after Mocenigo’s denunciation the trial began. Mocenigo accused him, “by constraint of his conscience, and by order of his confessor,” of teaching the existence of a boundless universe filled with a countless number of solar systems, that Bruno claimed that the earth was not the center of the universe but a mere planet revolving around the Sun, that he taught the doctrine of reincarnation, that he denied the actual transubstantiation of bread into the flesh of Christ and the he refused to accept the three persons of the Trinity as well as the virgin birth of Christ. <ref>Great Theosophists. <i>Giordano Bruno</> In: THEOSOPHY, Vol. 26, No. 8, June, 1938. Pages 338-344; Number 23 of a 29-part series. https://blavatsky.net/Wisdomworld/setting/bruno.html. Accessed on 2/2/22</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Seven days after Mocenigo’s denunciation the trial began. Mocenigo accused him, “by constraint of his conscience, and by order of his confessor,” of teaching the existence of a boundless universe filled with a countless number of solar systems, that Bruno claimed that the earth was not the center of the universe but a mere planet revolving around the Sun, that he taught the doctrine of reincarnation, that he denied the actual transubstantiation of bread into the flesh of Christ and the he refused to accept the three persons of the Trinity as well as the virgin birth of Christ. <ref>Great Theosophists. <i>Giordano Bruno</<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">i</ins>> In: THEOSOPHY, Vol. 26, No. 8, June, 1938. Pages 338-344; Number 23 of a 29-part series. https://blavatsky.net/Wisdomworld/setting/bruno.html. Accessed on 2/2/22</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Before the Inquisitors he calmly faced his torturers in their tribunal. Being interrogated, he gave details of his life, and expositions of his philosophy. He spoke of the universe, of the infinite worlds in infinite space, of the divinity in all things, of the unity of all things, the dependence and inter-dependence of all things, and of the existence of God in all. <ref>Johnston, Charles. <i> Giordano Bruno: A Martyr Theosophist</i> Lucifer Magazine, October 1888. https://universaltheosophy.com/cj/giordano-bruno-martyr-theosophist/ Accessed on 1/13/22</ref> He was carried to Rome, and there he passed eight years in dungeons and torture-chambers.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Before the Inquisitors he calmly faced his torturers in their tribunal. Being interrogated, he gave details of his life, and expositions of his philosophy. He spoke of the universe, of the infinite worlds in infinite space, of the divinity in all things, of the unity of all things, the dependence and inter-dependence of all things, and of the existence of God in all. <ref>Johnston, Charles. <i> Giordano Bruno: A Martyr Theosophist</i> Lucifer Magazine, October 1888. https://universaltheosophy.com/cj/giordano-bruno-martyr-theosophist/ Accessed on 1/13/22</ref> He was carried to Rome, and there he passed eight years in dungeons and torture-chambers.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On [[January 20]], 1600 he was sentenced to be executed without the shedding of blood and said unmoved: <blockquote>"It is with far greater fear that you pronounce, than I receive, this sentence."</blockquote> He was burned at the stake on Friday, February 17, 1600. <ref>Great Theosophists. <i>Giordano Bruno</> In: THEOSOPHY, Vol. 26, No. 8, June, 1938. Pages 338-344; Number 23 of a 29-part series. https://blavatsky.net/Wisdomworld/setting/bruno.html. Accessed on 2/2/22</ref><ref>Rowland, Ingrid D. <i>What Giordano Bruno Left Behind: Rome, 1600</<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ref</del>> Common Knowledge, Volume 14, Issue 3, Fall 2008, pp. 424-433 (Article) </ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On [[January 20]], 1600 he was sentenced to be executed without the shedding of blood and said unmoved: <blockquote>"It is with far greater fear that you pronounce, than I receive, this sentence."</blockquote> He was burned at the stake on Friday, February 17, 1600. <ref>Great Theosophists. <i>Giordano Bruno</<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">i</ins>> In: THEOSOPHY, Vol. 26, No. 8, June, 1938. Pages 338-344; Number 23 of a 29-part series. https://blavatsky.net/Wisdomworld/setting/bruno.html. Accessed on 2/2/22</ref><ref>Rowland, Ingrid D. <i>What Giordano Bruno Left Behind: Rome, 1600</<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">i</ins>> Common Knowledge, Volume 14, Issue 3, Fall 2008, pp. 424-433 (Article) </ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Even though the Catholic Encyclopedia still claims that Bruno was not condemned for his defense of the Copernican system of astronomy, nor for his doctrine of the plurality of inhabited worlds, but for his theological errors <ref>The Catholic Encyclopedia. <i>Giordano Bruno. <i> https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03016a.htm Accessed on 2/20/22<ref>, there is evidence based newly discovered primary sources including treatises on theology, heresies, and Catholic canon law which have only been examined lately, that the belief in many worlds was formally heretical. Thus, Bruno’s belief in many worlds was of primary importance in his trial and execution. <ref>Martinez, Alberto. A. <i>Giordano Bruno and the Heresy of Many Worlds</i> In: Annals of Science, 2016. Vol. 73, No. 4, 345 – 375. Taylor and Francis Group</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Even though the Catholic Encyclopedia still claims that Bruno was not condemned for his defense of the Copernican system of astronomy, nor for his doctrine of the plurality of inhabited worlds, but for his theological errors <ref>The Catholic Encyclopedia. <i>Giordano Bruno. <i> https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03016a.htm Accessed on 2/20/22<ref>, there is evidence based newly discovered primary sources including treatises on theology, heresies, and Catholic canon law which have only been examined lately, that the belief in many worlds was formally heretical. Thus, Bruno’s belief in many worlds was of primary importance in his trial and execution. <ref>Martinez, Alberto. A. <i>Giordano Bruno and the Heresy of Many Worlds</i> In: Annals of Science, 2016. Vol. 73, No. 4, 345 – 375. Taylor and Francis Group</ref></div></td></tr>
</table>Susanne Hoepfl-Wellenhoferhttps://theosophy.wiki/w-en/index.php?title=Giordano_Bruno&diff=46806&oldid=prevSusanne Hoepfl-Wellenhofer at 02:27, 2 March 20222022-03-02T02:27:39Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At Noli, in the Gulf of Genua, for example, he taught Latin grammar to schoolboys and elementary astronomy to “certain gentlemen”. <ref>McIntyre, J. Lewis. <i>Giordano Bruno.</i> London: McMillan and Co, Ltd., New York: The MacMillan Company. 1903, p. 11</ref> In Geneva, he worked in a printer’s shop, correcting proofs. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At Noli, in the Gulf of Genua, for example, he taught Latin grammar to schoolboys and elementary astronomy to “certain gentlemen”. <ref>McIntyre, J. Lewis. <i>Giordano Bruno.</i> London: McMillan and Co, Ltd., New York: The MacMillan Company. 1903, p. 11</ref> In Geneva, he worked in a printer’s shop, correcting proofs. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>But his goal was to teach philosophy without the trammels of revealed truths, preferably at a university. <ref>Rowland, Ingrid D. <i>What Giordano Bruno Left Behind: Rome, 1600</<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ref</del>> Common Knowledge, Volume 14, Issue 3, Fall 2008, pp. 424-433 (Article) </ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>But his goal was to teach philosophy without the trammels of revealed truths, preferably at a university. <ref>Rowland, Ingrid D. <i>What Giordano Bruno Left Behind: Rome, 1600</<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">i</ins>> Common Knowledge, Volume 14, Issue 3, Fall 2008, pp. 424-433 (Article) </ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On several occasions, a position of this kind seemed within his grasp. Two factors, however, conspired to thwart his ambitions. The first was the unsettled circumstances of Reformation Europe. At Toulouse, for example, he taught philosophy at the university for nearly two years (1579–81) <ref>Aliprandini, Michael. <i> Giordano Bruno</i> Great Neck Publishing. 8/1/2017. Database: </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On several occasions, a position of this kind seemed within his grasp. Two factors, however, conspired to thwart his ambitions. The first was the unsettled circumstances of Reformation Europe. At Toulouse, for example, he taught philosophy at the university for nearly two years (1579–81) <ref>Aliprandini, Michael. <i> Giordano Bruno</i> Great Neck Publishing. 8/1/2017. Database: </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>MAS Ultra - School Edition</ref>, but renewed conflict between Catholics and Huguenots in the summer of 1581 forced him to leave the city. His notoriety further complicated matters. <ref>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <i>Giordano Bruno</i> May 2019. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bruno/ Accessed on 1/17/22</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>MAS Ultra - School Edition</ref>, but renewed conflict between Catholics and Huguenots in the summer of 1581 forced him to leave the city. His notoriety further complicated matters. <ref>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <i>Giordano Bruno</i> May 2019. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bruno/ Accessed on 1/17/22</ref></div></td></tr>
</table>Susanne Hoepfl-Wellenhoferhttps://theosophy.wiki/w-en/index.php?title=Giordano_Bruno&diff=46805&oldid=prevSusanne Hoepfl-Wellenhofer at 02:26, 2 March 20222022-03-02T02:26:56Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A few years after his death, Bruno's works (written in both Latin and Italian) were placed on a list of prohibited books and became difficult to find. <ref>Aliprandini, Michael. <i> Giordano Bruno</i> Great Neck Publishing. 8/1/2017. Database: MAS Ultra - School Edition</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A few years after his death, Bruno's works (written in both Latin and Italian) were placed on a list of prohibited books and became difficult to find. <ref>Aliprandini, Michael. <i> Giordano Bruno</i> Great Neck Publishing. 8/1/2017. Database: MAS Ultra - School Edition</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bruno’s philosophy, his views on religion and his execution had earned him notoriety. What perturbed many, including Descartes, was not so much Bruno’s doctrines concerning the earth’s mobility, the elemental homogeneity of the universe, the plurality of worlds and other cosmological innovations, but rather the underlying doctrine of the World Soul and its perceived corollaries: pantheism, demonology, magic, metempsychosis, the claim that God’s absolute power necessitated an infinite product, and the essential identity of human, plant and animal souls. <ref>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <i>Giordano Bruno<i> May 2019. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bruno/ Accessed on 2/20/22</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bruno’s philosophy, his views on religion and his execution had earned him notoriety. What perturbed many, including Descartes, was not so much Bruno’s doctrines concerning the earth’s mobility, the elemental homogeneity of the universe, the plurality of worlds and other cosmological innovations, but rather the underlying doctrine of the World Soul and its perceived corollaries: pantheism, demonology, magic, metempsychosis, the claim that God’s absolute power necessitated an infinite product, and the essential identity of human, plant and animal souls. <ref>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <i>Giordano Bruno<<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/</ins>i> May 2019. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bruno/ Accessed on 2/20/22</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Demonizing Bruno lent him, however, a certain fascination. During the seventeenth century, his ideas continued to appeal to libertines, Rosicrucians and other unorthodox thinkers, despite, or perhaps because of, the censures of conventional theologians and philosophers. In his Oculus sidereus (Starry Gaze), the [[Rosicrucianism|Rosicrucian]] Abraham von Franckenberg (1593–1652), a pupil of [[Jacob Boehme]], wrote that Bruno’s space, was the Kabbalists’ “God as space”, their Ensoph, the first of the ten Sephiroth (Ricci 1990, 137–152). <ref>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <i>Giordano Bruno<i> May 2019. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bruno/ Accessed on 2/20/22</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Demonizing Bruno lent him, however, a certain fascination. During the seventeenth century, his ideas continued to appeal to libertines, Rosicrucians and other unorthodox thinkers, despite, or perhaps because of, the censures of conventional theologians and philosophers. In his Oculus sidereus (Starry Gaze), the [[Rosicrucianism|Rosicrucian]] Abraham von Franckenberg (1593–1652), a pupil of [[Jacob Boehme]], wrote that Bruno’s space, was the Kabbalists’ “God as space”, their Ensoph, the first of the ten Sephiroth (Ricci 1990, 137–152). <ref>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <i>Giordano Bruno<<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/</ins>i> May 2019. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bruno/ Accessed on 2/20/22</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Thus, in subsequent centuries, Bruno’s writings enjoyed a revival among scientists and philosophers who saw them as a precursor to the systems of thought. Today, Bruno is remembered more for his courage, his resistance to authority, and his horrible death than he is for his wide range of writings. <ref>Aliprandini, Michael. <i> Giordano Bruno</i> Great Neck Publishing. 8/1/2017. Database: MAS Ultra - School Edition</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Thus, in subsequent centuries, Bruno’s writings enjoyed a revival among scientists and philosophers who saw them as a precursor to the systems of thought. Today, Bruno is remembered more for his courage, his resistance to authority, and his horrible death than he is for his wide range of writings. <ref>Aliprandini, Michael. <i> Giordano Bruno</i> Great Neck Publishing. 8/1/2017. Database: MAS Ultra - School Edition</ref></div></td></tr>
</table>Susanne Hoepfl-Wellenhofer