Josephine Cables - Revision history

SysopJ: /* Rochester Theosophical Society */

2025-06-09T18:01:18Z

Rochester Theosophical Society

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:01, 9 June 2025
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	On [[July 27]], 1882, Mrs. Cables became a co-founder of the '''Rochester Branch''', which was the first lodge established in the United States. She, her husband James, and fourteen others from Rochester joined the membership rolls of the [[Theosophical Society]] on that day.<ref>Theosophical Society General Membership Register, 1875-1942 at [http://tsmembers.org/ http://tsmembers.org/]. See book 1, entries 1285-1299 (website file: 1A/42).</ref> The first issue of [[William Quan Judge\|William Quan Judge's]] periodical [[The Path (periodical)\|''The Path'']] said of Rochester, "This is the elder brother in America."<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path 1.1 (April, 1886), 30.</ref> William B. Shelly (or Shelley) served as president, and Mrs. Cables was secretary.<ref>A. E. S. Smythe, "Editorial Notes" ''The Lamp'' 4.6 no. 42 (August, 1900), 181.</ref> For several years before the lodge was formed, Mr. Shelly and Mrs. Cables had gathered with a group of friends to study "problems presented to thinking minds in life and death."<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path 1.1 (April, 1886), 30.</ref>		On [[July 27]], 1882, Mrs. Cables became a co-founder of the '''Rochester Branch''', which was the first lodge established in the United States. She, her husband James, and fourteen others from Rochester joined the membership rolls of the [[Theosophical Society]] on that day.<ref>Theosophical Society General Membership Register, 1875-1942 at [http://tsmembers.org/ http://tsmembers.org/]. See book 1, entries 1285-1299 (website file: 1A/42).</ref> The first issue of [[William Quan Judge\|William Quan Judge's]] periodical [[The Path (periodical)\|''The Path'']] said of Rochester, "This is the elder brother in America."<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path 1.1 (April, 1886), 30.</ref> William B. Shelly (or Shelley) served as president, and Mrs. Cables was secretary.<ref>A. E. S. Smythe, "Editorial Notes" ''The Lamp'' 4.6 no. 42 (August, 1900), 181.</ref> For several years before the lodge was formed, Mr. Shelly and Mrs. Cables had gathered with a group of friends to study "problems presented to thinking minds in life and death."<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path 1.1 (April, 1886), 30.</ref>

	The lodge grew to at least 25 members, including '''[[Matilda Joslyn Gage]]''', a remarkable feminist and mother-in-law of [[L. Frank Baum]]. She was admitted to the Rochester Theosophical Society on March 26, 1885.<ref>Theosophical Society General Membership Register, 1875-1942 at [http://tsmembers.org/ http://tsmembers.org/]. See book 1, entry 3274 (website file: 1B/11).</ref><ref>See [https://www.theosophical.org/publications/quest-magazine/sp-1469793668 A Notable Theosophist: L. Frank Baum] by John Algeo.</ref> Another member who joined on ~~Jun 11~~, 1884 was '''George C. Bragdon''', father of '''[[Claude Bragdon]]'''.<ref>Theosophical Society General Membership Register, 1875-1942 at [http://tsmembers.org/ http://tsmembers.org/]. See book 1, entry 3048 (website file: 1B/6) for George Bragdon.</ref> The Bragdon family was prominent in several Rochester lodges, including Genesee, White Lotus, and Iris, and established the [[Manas Press]]. [[William Quan Judge]] reported:		The lodge grew to at least 25 members, including '''[[Matilda Joslyn Gage]]''', a remarkable feminist and mother-in-law of [[L. Frank Baum]]. She was admitted to the Rochester Theosophical Society on March 26, 1885.<ref>Theosophical Society General Membership Register, 1875-1942 at [http://tsmembers.org/ http://tsmembers.org/]. See book 1, entry 3274 (website file: 1B/11).</ref><ref>See [https://www.theosophical.org/publications/quest-magazine/sp-1469793668 A Notable Theosophist: L. Frank Baum] by John Algeo.</ref> Another member who joined on November 6, 1884 was '''George C. Bragdon''', father of '''[[Claude Bragdon]]'''.<ref>Theosophical Society General Membership Register, 1875-1942 at [http://tsmembers.org/ http://tsmembers.org/]. See book 1, entry 3048 (website file: 1B/6) for George Bragdon.</ref> The Bragdon family was prominent in several Rochester lodges, including Genesee, White Lotus, and Iris, and established the [[Manas Press]]. [[William Quan Judge]] reported:

	<blockquote>		<blockquote>

Janet Kerschner: /* Writings */

2025-05-22T19:44:25Z

Writings

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:44, 22 May 2025
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	The contents of her journal [[The Occult Word (periodical)\|''The Occult Word'']] are not included in the index; issues are quite rare.		The contents of her journal [[The Occult Word (periodical)\|''The Occult Word'']] are not included in the index; issues are quite rare.

	Mrs. Cables conducted a large correspondence with such people as [[William Quan Judge]], [[Damodar K. Mavalankar]], and [[~~Thomas Moore Johnson~~]].		Mrs. Cables conducted a large correspondence with such people as [[William Quan Judge]], [[Damodar K. Mavalankar]], and [[Thomas_Moore_Johnson#Correspondents]].

	== Notes ==		== Notes ==

Janet Kerschner: /* Writings */

2025-05-22T19:42:23Z

Writings

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:42, 22 May 2025
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	== Writings ==		== Writings ==

	The [[Union Index of Theosophical Periodicals]] lists [~~http~~://~~www~~.~~austheos~~.org.au/~~cgi-bin~~/~~ui-csvsearch~~.pl?~~search~~=Cables ~~six articles by or~~ about Mrs. Cables]. The contents of her journal [[The Occult Word (periodical)\|''The Occult Word'']] are not included in the index; issues are quite rare.		The [[Union Index of Theosophical Periodicals]] lists:
			* '''[https://theosophicalsociety.org.au/union_index/entries?q=Josephine+Cables&s=title 2 articles about Josephine Cables]'''.
			* '''[https://theosophicalsociety.org.au/union_index/entries?q=Mrs.+Cables&s=author 1 article about Mrs. Cables]'''.
			* '''[https://theosophicalsociety.org.au/union_index/entries?q=Mrs.+Cables&s=title 1 article about Mrs. Cables]'''.

			The contents of her journal [[The Occult Word (periodical)\|''The Occult Word'']] are not included in the index; issues are quite rare.

	Mrs. Cables conducted a large correspondence with such people as [[William Quan Judge]], [[Damodar K. Mavalankar]], and [[Thomas Moore Johnson]].		Mrs. Cables conducted a large correspondence with such people as [[William Quan Judge]], [[Damodar K. Mavalankar]], and [[Thomas Moore Johnson]].

SysopJ: /* Rochester Theosophical Society */

2023-11-17T03:44:18Z

Rochester Theosophical Society

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:44, 17 November 2023
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	On [[July 27]], 1882, Mrs. Cables became a co-founder of the '''Rochester Branch''', which was the first lodge established in the United States. She, her husband James, and fourteen others from Rochester joined the membership rolls of the [[Theosophical Society]] on that day.<ref>Theosophical Society General Membership Register, 1875-1942 at [http://tsmembers.org/ http://tsmembers.org/]. See book 1, entries 1285-1299 (website file: 1A/42).</ref> The first issue of [[William Quan Judge\|William Quan Judge's]] periodical [[The Path (periodical)\|''The Path'']] said of Rochester, "This is the elder brother in America."<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path 1.1 (April, 1886), 30.</ref> William B. Shelly (or Shelley) served as president, and Mrs. Cables was secretary.<ref>A. E. S. Smythe, "Editorial Notes" ''The Lamp'' 4.6 no. 42 (August, 1900), 181.</ref> For several years before the lodge was formed, Mr. Shelly and Mrs. Cables had gathered with a group of friends to study "problems presented to thinking minds in life and death."<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path 1.1 (April, 1886), 30.</ref>		On [[July 27]], 1882, Mrs. Cables became a co-founder of the '''Rochester Branch''', which was the first lodge established in the United States. She, her husband James, and fourteen others from Rochester joined the membership rolls of the [[Theosophical Society]] on that day.<ref>Theosophical Society General Membership Register, 1875-1942 at [http://tsmembers.org/ http://tsmembers.org/]. See book 1, entries 1285-1299 (website file: 1A/42).</ref> The first issue of [[William Quan Judge\|William Quan Judge's]] periodical [[The Path (periodical)\|''The Path'']] said of Rochester, "This is the elder brother in America."<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path 1.1 (April, 1886), 30.</ref> William B. Shelly (or Shelley) served as president, and Mrs. Cables was secretary.<ref>A. E. S. Smythe, "Editorial Notes" ''The Lamp'' 4.6 no. 42 (August, 1900), 181.</ref> For several years before the lodge was formed, Mr. Shelly and Mrs. Cables had gathered with a group of friends to study "problems presented to thinking minds in life and death."<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path 1.1 (April, 1886), 30.</ref>

	The lodge grew to at least 25 members, including '''[[Matilda Joslyn Gage]]''', a remarkable feminist and mother-in-law of [[L. Frank Baum]]. She was admitted to the Rochester Theosophical Society on March 26, 1885.<ref>Theosophical Society General Membership Register, 1875-1942 at [http://tsmembers.org/ http://tsmembers.org/]. See book 1, entry 3274 (website file: 1B/11).</ref><ref>See [~~http~~://www.theosophical.org/publications/~~1583#~~ A Notable Theosophist: L. Frank Baum] by John Algeo.</ref> Another member who joined on Jun 11, 1884 was '''George C. Bragdon''', father of '''[[Claude Bragdon]]'''.<ref>Theosophical Society General Membership Register, 1875-1942 at [http://tsmembers.org/ http://tsmembers.org/]. See book 1, entry 3048 (website file: 1B/6) for George Bragdon.</ref> The Bragdon family was prominent in several Rochester lodges, including Genesee, White Lotus, and Iris, and established the [[Manas Press]]. [[William Quan Judge]] reported:		The lodge grew to at least 25 members, including '''[[Matilda Joslyn Gage]]''', a remarkable feminist and mother-in-law of [[L. Frank Baum]]. She was admitted to the Rochester Theosophical Society on March 26, 1885.<ref>Theosophical Society General Membership Register, 1875-1942 at [http://tsmembers.org/ http://tsmembers.org/]. See book 1, entry 3274 (website file: 1B/11).</ref><ref>See [https://www.theosophical.org/publications/quest-magazine/sp-1469793668 A Notable Theosophist: L. Frank Baum] by John Algeo.</ref> Another member who joined on Jun 11, 1884 was '''George C. Bragdon''', father of '''[[Claude Bragdon]]'''.<ref>Theosophical Society General Membership Register, 1875-1942 at [http://tsmembers.org/ http://tsmembers.org/]. See book 1, entry 3048 (website file: 1B/6) for George Bragdon.</ref> The Bragdon family was prominent in several Rochester lodges, including Genesee, White Lotus, and Iris, and established the [[Manas Press]]. [[William Quan Judge]] reported:

	<blockquote>		<blockquote>

SysopJ: /* Hermetic Brotherhood of Luxor */

2022-11-08T14:58:26Z

Hermetic Brotherhood of Luxor

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:58, 8 November 2022
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	[[File:Josephine Cables Aldrich drawing.jpg\|right\|160px\|thumb\|Josephine Cables Aldrich]]		[[File:Josephine Cables Aldrich drawing.jpg\|right\|160px\|thumb\|Josephine Cables Aldrich]]

	Mrs. Cables studied with Peter Davidson, the "Provincial Grand Master of the North" of the [[Hermetic Brotherhood of Luxor]].<ref>Patrick D. Bowen and K. Paul Johnson, eds., '' Letters to the Sage: Selected Correspondence of Thomas Moore Johnson Volume Two: Alexander Wilder the Platonist'' (Forest Grove, OR: The Typhon Press, 2016), 48.</ref>		Mrs. Cables studied with Peter Davidson, also known as Max Théon, the "Provincial Grand Master of the North" of the [[Hermetic Brotherhood of Luxor]].<ref>Patrick D. Bowen and K. Paul Johnson, eds., '' Letters to the Sage: Selected Correspondence of Thomas Moore Johnson Volume Two: Alexander Wilder the Platonist'' (Forest Grove, OR: The Typhon Press, 2016), 48.</ref>

	<blockquote>		<blockquote>

SysopJ: /* The Occult Word */

2022-11-08T14:56:02Z

The Occult Word

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:56, 8 November 2022
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	[[The Occult Word (periodical)\|''The Occult Word'']] was a monthly magazine that is recognized as the '''first Theosophical periodical''' published in the United States. Josephine Cables was the editor. The first issue was dated in April 1884, and the run continued until April 1889. After a first-year initial subscription of $1.00, the publication was free.		[[The Occult Word (periodical)\|''The Occult Word'']] was a monthly magazine that is recognized as the '''first Theosophical periodical''' published in the United States. Josephine Cables was the editor. The first issue was dated in April 1884, and the run continued until April 1889. After a first-year initial subscription of $1.00, the publication was free.

	Major emphasis was placed on Christianity and especially Christian Science, and the Western forms of esotericism such as [[Rosicrucianism]] and [[Freemasonry]]. Occasionally [[The Light of Asia (book)\|''The Light of Asia'']] was quoted. Articles were authored by Mrs. Cables, [[Franz Hartmann\|Dr. Franz Hartmann]], [[William Quan Judge]], [[Jirah Dewey Buck\|Dr. Jirah Dewey Buck]], [[William Tournay Brown\|W. T. Brown]], [[A. J. Cooper-Oakley]], and [[Damodar K. Mavalankar~~\|Damodar~~]]. William F. Aldrich contributed commentaries on social problems, sometimes using his middle name Farrington as a ''nom de plume''. There were poems by [[Ella Wheeler Wilcox]], correspondence, and advertisements.		Major emphasis was placed on Christianity and especially Christian Science, and the Western forms of esotericism such as [[Rosicrucianism]] and [[Freemasonry]]. Occasionally [[The Light of Asia (book)\|''The Light of Asia'']] was quoted. Articles were authored by Mrs. Cables, [[Franz Hartmann\|Dr. Franz Hartmann]], [[William Quan Judge]], [[Jirah Dewey Buck\|Dr. Jirah Dewey Buck]], [[William Tournay Brown\|W. T. Brown]], [[A. J. Cooper-Oakley]], and [[Damodar K. Mavalankar]]. William F. Aldrich contributed commentaries on social problems, sometimes using his middle name Farrington as a ''nom de plume''. There were poems by [[Ella Wheeler Wilcox]], correspondence, and advertisements.

	[[File:Board of Control letter 1886.jpg\|right\|thumb\|400px\|Letterhead for Board of Control, 1886.]]		[[File:Board of Control letter 1886.jpg\|right\|thumb\|400px\|Letterhead for Board of Control, 1886.]]

	=== American Board of Control ===		=== American Board of Control ===

SysopJ: /* Rochester Theosophical Society */

2022-11-08T14:53:29Z

Rochester Theosophical Society

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:53, 8 November 2022
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	=== Rochester Theosophical Society ===		=== Rochester Theosophical Society ===

	On [[July 27]], 1882, Mrs. Cables became a co-founder of the '''Rochester Branch''', which was the first lodge established in the United States. She, her husband James, and fourteen others from Rochester joined the membership rolls of the [[Theosophical Society]] on that day.<ref>Theosophical Society General Membership Register, 1875-1942 at [http://tsmembers.org/ http://tsmembers.org/]. See book 1, entries 1285-1299 (website file: 1A/42).</ref> The first issue of [[William Quan Judge\|William Quan Judge's]] periodical [[The Path (periodical)\|''The Path'']] said of Rochester, "This is the elder brother in America."<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path 1.1 (April, 1886), 30.</ref> William B. Shelly served as president, and Mrs. Cables was secretary.<ref>A. E. S. Smythe, "Editorial Notes" ''The Lamp'' 4.6 no. 42 (August, 1900), 181.</ref> For several years before the lodge was formed, Mr. Shelly and Mrs. Cables had gathered with a group of friends to study "problems presented to thinking minds in life and death."<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path 1.1 (April, 1886), 30.</ref>		On [[July 27]], 1882, Mrs. Cables became a co-founder of the '''Rochester Branch''', which was the first lodge established in the United States. She, her husband James, and fourteen others from Rochester joined the membership rolls of the [[Theosophical Society]] on that day.<ref>Theosophical Society General Membership Register, 1875-1942 at [http://tsmembers.org/ http://tsmembers.org/]. See book 1, entries 1285-1299 (website file: 1A/42).</ref> The first issue of [[William Quan Judge\|William Quan Judge's]] periodical [[The Path (periodical)\|''The Path'']] said of Rochester, "This is the elder brother in America."<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path 1.1 (April, 1886), 30.</ref> William B. Shelly (or Shelley) served as president, and Mrs. Cables was secretary.<ref>A. E. S. Smythe, "Editorial Notes" ''The Lamp'' 4.6 no. 42 (August, 1900), 181.</ref> For several years before the lodge was formed, Mr. Shelly and Mrs. Cables had gathered with a group of friends to study "problems presented to thinking minds in life and death."<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path 1.1 (April, 1886), 30.</ref>

	The lodge grew to at least 25 members, including '''[[Matilda Joslyn Gage]]''', a remarkable feminist and mother-in-law of [[L. Frank Baum]]. She was admitted to the Rochester Theosophical Society on March 26, 1885.<ref>Theosophical Society General Membership Register, 1875-1942 at [http://tsmembers.org/ http://tsmembers.org/]. See book 1, entry 3274 (website file: 1B/11).</ref><ref>See [http://www.theosophical.org/publications/1583# A Notable Theosophist: L. Frank Baum] by John Algeo.</ref> Another member who joined on Jun 11, 1884 was '''George C. Bragdon''', father of '''[[Claude Bragdon]]'''.<ref>Theosophical Society General Membership Register, 1875-1942 at [http://tsmembers.org/ http://tsmembers.org/]. See book 1, entry 3048 (website file: 1B/6) for George Bragdon.</ref> The Bragdon family was prominent in several Rochester lodges, including Genesee, White Lotus, and Iris, and established the [[Manas Press]]. [[William Quan Judge]] reported:		The lodge grew to at least 25 members, including '''[[Matilda Joslyn Gage]]''', a remarkable feminist and mother-in-law of [[L. Frank Baum]]. She was admitted to the Rochester Theosophical Society on March 26, 1885.<ref>Theosophical Society General Membership Register, 1875-1942 at [http://tsmembers.org/ http://tsmembers.org/]. See book 1, entry 3274 (website file: 1B/11).</ref><ref>See [http://www.theosophical.org/publications/1583# A Notable Theosophist: L. Frank Baum] by John Algeo.</ref> Another member who joined on Jun 11, 1884 was '''George C. Bragdon''', father of '''[[Claude Bragdon]]'''.<ref>Theosophical Society General Membership Register, 1875-1942 at [http://tsmembers.org/ http://tsmembers.org/]. See book 1, entry 3048 (website file: 1B/6) for George Bragdon.</ref> The Bragdon family was prominent in several Rochester lodges, including Genesee, White Lotus, and Iris, and established the [[Manas Press]]. [[William Quan Judge]] reported:

SysopJ: /* Theosophical Society in Aldrich, Alabama */

2022-11-08T14:50:38Z

Theosophical Society in Aldrich, Alabama

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:50, 8 November 2022
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	=== Theosophical Society in Aldrich, Alabama ===		=== Theosophical Society in Aldrich, Alabama ===

	Mrs. Cables established the '''Gita Theosophical Society''' in the small coal-mining town of Aldrich, Alabama, in 1886 as the twelfth American branch of the Theosophical Society. It was never large, and dissolved on September 29, 1887.<ref>''The Theosophist'' (April, 1888).</ref>		Mrs. Cables established the '''Gita Theosophical Society''' in the small coal-mining town of Aldrich, Alabama, in 1886 as the twelfth American branch of the Theosophical Society. It was never large, and dissolved on September 29, 1887.<ref>"America," ''The Theosophist'' 9 no. 103 (April, 1888), page xxxiii in Supplement. See [http://iapsop.com/archive/materials/theosophist/theosophist_v9_n103_april_1888.pdf IAPSOP database].</ref>

	[[File:Rochester Brotherhood symbol.png\|right\|90\|thumb\|Symbol of the Rochester Brotherhood]]		[[File:Rochester Brotherhood symbol.png\|right\|90\|thumb\|Symbol of the Rochester Brotherhood]]

	=== Rochester Brotherhood ===		=== Rochester Brotherhood ===

SysopJ: /* Other activities */

2022-11-08T14:40:13Z

Other activities

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:40, 8 November 2022
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	'''Woman's National Liberal Union''' (WNLU) was founded by [[Matilda Joslyn Gage]], whom Josephine knew from the Rochester Branch, and "reflected in particular Gage’s belief that the established churches were a major bulwark of male supremacist teaching, a view she expanded on in her book Woman, Church, and State (1893)."<ref>"Matilda Joslyn Gage" in [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Matilda-Joslyn-Gage#ref215772 Encyclopedia Britannica].</ref> Mrs. Aldrich was also the publisher of Matilda Joslyn Gage's '''''The Liberal Thinker'''''.		'''Woman's National Liberal Union''' (WNLU) was founded by [[Matilda Joslyn Gage]], whom Josephine knew from the Rochester Branch, and "reflected in particular Gage’s belief that the established churches were a major bulwark of male supremacist teaching, a view she expanded on in her book Woman, Church, and State (1893)."<ref>"Matilda Joslyn Gage" in [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Matilda-Joslyn-Gage#ref215772 Encyclopedia Britannica].</ref> Mrs. Aldrich was also the publisher of Matilda Joslyn Gage's '''''The Liberal Thinker'''''.

	'''Woman's National University and School of Useful and Ornamental Arts''' was a proposal of Mrs. Charlotte Smith, who lobbied Congress to establish such an institution in Washington, DC.<ref>"Our Correspondence" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=zlc7AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA280&lpg=PA280&dq=%22School+of+Useful+and+Ornamental+Arts%22&source=bl&ots=_q8HoHLmJn&sig=ACfU3U1GSO0V0X3kfJ1-u9VI0as_8CZnhg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwigioDw8Z30AhXaaM0KHYasAGcQ6AF6BAgQEAM#v=onepage&q=%22School%20of%20Useful%20and%20Ornamental%20Arts%22&f=false ''Good Housekeeping''], page 280.		'''Woman's National University and School of Useful and Ornamental Arts''' was a proposal of Mrs. Charlotte Smith, who lobbied Congress to establish such an institution in Washington, DC.<ref>"Our Correspondence" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=zlc7AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA280&lpg=PA280&dq=%22School+of+Useful+and+Ornamental+Arts%22&source=bl&ots=_q8HoHLmJn&sig=ACfU3U1GSO0V0X3kfJ1-u9VI0as_8CZnhg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwigioDw8Z30AhXaaM0KHYasAGcQ6AF6BAgQEAM#v=onepage&q=%22School%20of%20Useful%20and%20Ornamental%20Arts%22&f=false ''Good Housekeeping''], page 280.</ref>

	== Writings ==		== Writings ==

SysopJ: /* Other activities */

2022-11-08T14:38:33Z

Other activities

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:38, 8 November 2022
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	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	They believe the administration of justice is very one sided in civilized countries. They are inclined to think, in brief, that free government in this country means a government of rich men, by rich men for rich men, the ~~poo~~, the women, the children, Indians and other unfortunates not being people at all in the popular sense of the word.		They believe the administration of justice is very one sided in civilized countries. They are inclined to think, in brief, that free government in this country means a government of rich men, by rich men for rich men, the poor, the women, the children, Indians and other unfortunates not being people at all in the popular sense of the word.

	Mr. and Mrs. Aldrich declare that especially in a law trial a poor person without friends is almost certain to be convicted whether guilty or not, under the present administration of justice, or injustice, as they incline to think it often is. Judge, jury and state's attorney are paid by the state, and are all on the side of wealth and power.		Mr. and Mrs. Aldrich declare that especially in a law trial a poor person without friends is almost certain to be convicted whether guilty or not, under the present administration of justice, or injustice, as they incline to think it often is. Judge, jury and state's attorney are paid by the state, and are all on the side of wealth and power.
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	'''Woman's National Liberal Union''' (WNLU) was founded by [[Matilda Joslyn Gage]], whom Josephine knew from the Rochester Branch, and "reflected in particular Gage’s belief that the established churches were a major bulwark of male supremacist teaching, a view she expanded on in her book Woman, Church, and State (1893)."<ref>"Matilda Joslyn Gage" in [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Matilda-Joslyn-Gage#ref215772 Encyclopedia Britannica].</ref> Mrs. Aldrich was also the publisher of Matilda Joslyn Gage's '''''The Liberal Thinker'''''.		'''Woman's National Liberal Union''' (WNLU) was founded by [[Matilda Joslyn Gage]], whom Josephine knew from the Rochester Branch, and "reflected in particular Gage’s belief that the established churches were a major bulwark of male supremacist teaching, a view she expanded on in her book Woman, Church, and State (1893)."<ref>"Matilda Joslyn Gage" in [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Matilda-Joslyn-Gage#ref215772 Encyclopedia Britannica].</ref> Mrs. Aldrich was also the publisher of Matilda Joslyn Gage's '''''The Liberal Thinker'''''.

	'''Woman's National University and School of Useful and Ornamental Arts''' was a proposal of Mrs. Charlotte Smith, who lobbied Congress to establish such an institution in Washington, DC.<ref>"Our Correspondence" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=zlc7AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA280&lpg=PA280&dq=%22School+of+Useful+and+Ornamental+Arts%22&source=bl&ots=_q8HoHLmJn&sig=ACfU3U1GSO0V0X3kfJ1-u9VI0as_8CZnhg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwigioDw8Z30AhXaaM0KHYasAGcQ6AF6BAgQEAM#v=onepage&q=%22School%20of%20Useful%20and%20Ornamental%20Arts%22&f=false ''Good Housekeeping''], page 280.		'''Woman's National University and School of Useful and Ornamental Arts''' was a proposal of Mrs. Charlotte Smith, who lobbied Congress to establish such an institution in Washington, DC.<ref>"Our Correspondence" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=zlc7AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA280&lpg=PA280&dq=%22School+of+Useful+and+Ornamental+Arts%22&source=bl&ots=_q8HoHLmJn&sig=ACfU3U1GSO0V0X3kfJ1-u9VI0as_8CZnhg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwigioDw8Z30AhXaaM0KHYasAGcQ6AF6BAgQEAM#v=onepage&q=%22School%20of%20Useful%20and%20Ornamental%20Arts%22&f=false ''Good Housekeeping''], page 280.

	== Writings ==		== Writings ==