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| '''Nidāna''' (devanāgarī: निदान) is a [[Sanskrit]] and [[Pali]] word that means "cause, foundation, source or origin." In [[Buddhism]] the term is associated to the concept of dependent origination (pratītyasamutpāda) that explains the existence of objects and phenomena as being due to a chain of 12 causes/effects called "nidānas."
| | #redirect [[Nidana]] |
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| == The Twelve Nidanas ==
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| The concatenation of twelve nidanas as described in [[Buddhism]] is as follows:
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| 1- From spiritual ignorance (avidyā) arises mental formations (saṃskāra).
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| 2- From mental formations arises consciousness (vijñāna).
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| 3- From consciousness arises name and form (nāmarūpa).
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| 4- From name and form arise the sense organs and their objects (ṣaḍāyatana).
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| 5- From sense organs and their objects arise contact (sparśa).
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| 6- From contact arises sensation (vedanā).
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| 7- From sensation arises craving (tṛṣṇā).
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| 8- From craving arises clinging (upādāna).
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| 9- From clinging arises becoming (bhava).
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| 10- From becoming arises birth (jāti).
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| 11 & 12- From birth arise aging and dying (jarāmaraṇa).
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| In [[Stanzas of Dzyan#Stanza I|stanza I]], sloka 4 of [[The Secret Doctrine (book)|''The Secret Doctrine'']] the nidanas are called "the great causes of misery".<ref>Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, ''The Secret Doctrine'' vol. I, (Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 38.</ref> Mme. Blavatsky defined them as follows:
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| <blockquote>The twelve Nidanas or causes of being. Each is the effect of its antecedent cause, and a cause, in its turn, to its successor; the sum total of the Nidanas being based on the four truths, a doctrine especially characteristic of the Hînayâna System. They belong to the theory of the stream of catenated law which produces merit and demerit, and finally brings [[Karma]] into full sway. It is based upon the great truth that [[reincarnation|re-incarnation]] is to be dreaded, as existence in this world only entails upon man [[suffering]], misery and pain; [[Death]] itself being unable to deliver man from it, since death is merely the door through which he passes to another life on earth after a little rest on its threshold—[[Devachan]].<ref>Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, ''The Secret Doctrine'' vol. I, (Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 39.</ref></blockquote>
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| == Notes ==
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| <references/>
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| [[Category:Sanskrit terms]]
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| [[Category:Pāli terms]]
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| [[Category:Concepts in The Secret Doctrine]]
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| [[Category:Buddhist concepts]] | |
